Tips on producing a lo-budget film

This post was written by Matthew Helderman of Buffalo 8 Productions and first appeared on the No Film School blog. Buffalo 8 was founded by independent film producers and media entrepreneurs Matthew Helderman and Luke Taylor. They offer feature film, commercial production and post-production facilities in-house, and have produced over thirty feature films ranging from $100,000 budgets to $8M budgets with the average project settling around $1M.

---

The realities of producing a $1million (and below) feature film

We’ve seen budgets shrink, projects come and go and expectations shattered or met with disappointment during the process.
   Through our experiences we’ve gathered and built a manifesto for the do’s and don’ts of making low budget projects. Some are obvious, others are elements we picked up after handfuls of wrong turns.
   We’ve even written a full 50 page eBook on the subject that has provided insight for the indie community (linked here).
   All in all — we broke it down into three key successful elements:

Overhead — figuring out the right equity, debt, pre-sales structure will make or break any project.
Negotiating — an ability to contain costs and logistics through negotiations is the key to successful maneuvering.
Hiring — with strong department heads and a great cast – a weak project will be better, a mediocre project stands a chance at being decent and a strong project will explode with possibility.

Each of these principles begin day one—from the first steps of development through the delivery of the final DCP materials—overhead, negotiations and hiring choices will more often than not dictate the success of a film.
   Producing a film successfully depends on a great story, a great team and a strong execution. The following outline breaks down these necessities. 

1. Development

Once you’ve found a story and script you’re excited about, make sure that it has been written for your budget. If you’ve raised $500,000 and the story requires period-piece locations, background, wardrobe and set pieces, chances are the project is not feasible.
   However, if tailored properly any story can be told for any budget—relying heavily on overhead, negotiations and hiring structures.
   With your script in hand, you’re now ready to breakdown the elements. Meaning, using MovieMagic Budgeting and Scheduling (the industry standard applications) to outline the shooting schedule, cast logistics and line item costs for the project.
   A line producer is the experienced and professional member of most teams who performs these tasks, which take roughly 4-5 work days to perfect, given the intensive specificity required.
   Working with your line producer (and/or sometimes the 1st AD) to perfect these elements, you’ll want to group together locations, cast shoot days and speciality equipment or FX (steadi-cam, rain, children, animals, etc…) to contain costs and simplify the process.
   With approved breakdowns from your line producer (again, assuming that you’ve hired well for this crucial role), you’re ready to begin approaching talent and financiers.
   Attachments (the process of adding talent–actors and actresses, as well as a director) to projects has changed. The global economy has continued to reshape how each industry functions and the film business is no exception.
   While the media is full of $100M+ blockbusters making a select few actors and actresses very wealthy, there is a plethora of talent with strong bankability available and interested in more independently driven projects in the lower budget ranges.
   Use your strengths as leverage, whether your experience, your team or your great story. (Refrain from overselling how “amazing” your project is and remember that those words are uttered thousands of times a day in Los Angeles.) Approach talent with confidence in the understanding that attachments are difficult in the early stages.
   A great tip here is to utilize “agency packaging” whereby you find a talent agency which represents a strong roster of talent (more than 5-7 members of their roster able to fit into your casting wishes), and incentivize the agency to come on board to support the film by piecing together multiple roles or “packaging the film”. This grants both a financial and long term incentive for the agency that otherwise would perhaps have passed on the opportunity as too low budget.

Financing

With interested talent willing to offer LOIs (letters of intent) stating they will commit to the project once financing is completed, you can approach your investors.
   For 99% of filmmakers, this is the most difficult portion of the process. Orson Welles famously quipped that he “spent 90% of his time raising money to make movies and only 10% actually making movies” and this isn’t far from the truth.
   As an investor and as a speciality financier in other businesses, we’ve seen both sides of these struggles.
   Film is speculative. Getting the first money in is difficult, because there is no telling when the project will get made, let alone earn you a return.
   And vice versa—being the last money in often requires an investor to act within a single week to close a deal—which is too hasty and rushed for traditional investors.
   Here are some ways to offset the risk and please your investors from day one.

1. Have some skin in the game early on, with either some equity you’ve scraped together from family, friends and colleagues, or your own cash.


2. Understand the necessity of finance—meaning, respect an investor enough to offset their capital injection through “soft money” (pre-sales, debt, tax credits, etc..)


3. Bring more to the table than just a script and a cast.
   Have the ball rolling with the tax credit, and signs you’re working to finance the pre-sales. That will show an investor you’re serious and capable. Removing as much speculation as possible will provide your investors with a level of security they’d highly appreciate. Strategize with a bit of equity, a bit of tax incentives, and pre-sales cash-flow (which your investor can provide helping both you and their return) and you’ll be in the best spot possible.

Market
 
Build your audience before you get into production.
   This phrase has become the go-to statement for the grass-roots and mid-level festival films over the past several years.
   Social media gives you an ample opportunity to organize your following—whether you raised donations on Kickstarter, signed an actor with a 1M+ Twitter following or have a director coming off a TV gig—use whatever you have in your corner to gain traction and steam.
   Snowballing this momentum into a domestic distribution deal and additional opportunities for attachments and financing is a huge factor — but ultimately investors and distributors look to “proof of concept” like campaigns to assure that there is a valuable relevance at stake in the project.
   This of course stems from and leads to the overall sales strategy for the film—which can also be reviewed in our SALES eBook linked here.

2.) Pre-Production Line Producer

Once you’re geared up and organized you’ll want to hire the team leader for the project, the line producer.
   The line producer will file the entity (LLC), open the financials with the producers (bank account, checking, payroll oversight), file necessary union paperwork (SAG, IATSE, DGA), and bring on his team to begin the heavy lifting of the project.
   Great films stem from tremendous preparations and the line producer is the captain leading the team into battle.
   Again, this is very abbreviated, The full versions are available in the eBooks. 

Casting

With a few key attachments and some capital (equity and debt) attached to the project, you’re ready to begin filling out the rest of the cast.
   A casting director and packaging agency offer the best possible scenario for great cast selections, based on the relationships that casting directors hold. Additionally, attachments from casting directors bring weight for distribution and further cast members wanting to join the project. 

Scout

Once again relying on your ability to negotiate and call in favors, you’ll begin scouting locations.
   On these lower budget projects you’ll want to cluster your locations, find studios/standing sets that can double and triple as locations, and even look for further ways to simplify your shooting schedule.
   Company moves (literally moving your team from one location to another), causes issues—time, financial, energy, stress—that can be avoided through preparations and compromise. 

Rentals

Again when renting equipment, props, vehicles, catering, etc., you’ll rely heavily on your ability to negotiate.
   Using independent owner/operators (individuals who will both supply equipment and work on the film) will give you leverage to haggle over final pricing.
   These negotiations over locations, rentals, purchases and casting will save you endless money and time, if you’re able to perfect the needs and realities of your project. 

Actualizing

Refers to the process of beginning to truly assess the spending of the project, to begin distributing the necessary documents (stripboard schedules, crew lists, preliminary call sheets, etc.) and to begin holding the necessary meetings required for pre-production.
   Again, focusing on pre-production is huge and will lead to the most successful shoot possible.

3.) Production and Wrap Out 

Manage

If you’ve focused and executed well enough during pre-production, the production period (while still stressful and full of fires to put out) will be more about managing and overseeing expectations and personalities than anything else.
   Low budget projects tend to get stressful because everyone is wearing multiple hats and working crazy hours for little money, but if you manage these elements in pre-production you can avoid pitfalls. 

Organize

The specifics for the financials (petty cash, check requests, actualizing and hot costs/daily reporting) are reviewed in the eBook, but the general gist is that the daily oversight will require checking in with department heads to assure that spending is properly allocated, workers are getting along and feeling comfortable in the stressful setting, and that respect is being had across departments.
   The more organized a production is before it heads into principal photography, the easier wrap out will be. This is the process of making returns, accounting and actualizing the final spending totals, creating the production binder (detailed in the eBook at length), and reviewing next steps with the financiers.

4.) Post-Production Schedule

Early on (best to be done before production), you’ll want to set out hard dates for editorial through delivery. These dates will often not be met, as low budget production is often side-tracked by workers needing to take other gigs to supplement their incomes, but they provide the necessary structure to finish a production. 

Crew hiring

Just like production, post-production success comes from great hiring. You don’t need to know how to do everything, you just need a great team with experience and confidence to deliver your film. 

Oversight

When done correctly, you’re able to sit back and monitor the progress, without having to get crazily involved in each tiny detail. 

Editorial

A choice can be made early on if editorial will begin during or after production. In our experience, it’s best on lower budget projects to be assembling while shooting, in order to give the financiers, director and team involved a chance to see where things stand. Also, should you need to adjust elements or re-shoot/add additional shots, you’ll catch this much earlier than if you waited to edit until production wrap.
   The necessary deliverables (sound, VFX, titles, DCP, exports, chain-of-title/legal filings) are all detailed thoroughly in the eBook which, if interested, we’d suggest reading for further information.

---

Facebook | Twitter | Website